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According to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, speeding influences crashes in four basic ways:
- Increases the distance a vehicle travels from when a driver detects an emergency until the driver reacts.
- Increases the distance needed to stop a vehicle once an emergency is perceived.
- Crash severity increases by the square of speed so that, when speed increases from 40 - 60 miles per hour, speed goes up only 50% while the energy released in a crash more than doubles.
- Higher crash speeds reduce the ability of vehicles, restraint systems, and roadway hardware, such as guardrails, barriers and impact attenuators to protect occupants.
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